Syria’s reconstruction, estimated to cost up to $400 billion, hinges on restoring international trust and rebuilding key institutions, according to experts. The country’s economy has been severely damaged by both the 61-year Baath regime and the 13-year civil war, leaving behind widespread destruction.
The Devastation of War
The civil war destroyed critical infrastructure, including homes, businesses, schools, hospitals, power plants, and telecommunication systems. Over 6 million Syrians were forced to flee abroad, and 7 million were displaced within the country. Many villages and towns remain abandoned, making urgent reconstruction efforts crucial for Syria’s recovery.
Focus on Housing and Large-Scale Investments
Rebuilding Syria’s housing sector and investing in infrastructure like roads, power plants, and communication lines is vital to providing better living conditions for returning refugees. Housing alone could account for 60% of the estimated $400 billion reconstruction cost. However, international financial and technical support is necessary, especially from regional powers and organizations.
Sanctions and the Road Ahead
Sanctions imposed on Syria, particularly by the US and EU, continue to impede development. Experts advocate for lifting these sanctions once specific conditions are met. Neil Quilliam from Chatham House emphasizes the importance of rebuilding Syria from the ground up, ensuring security, stability, and an inclusive government. Support from the international community is vital, but careful planning is needed to avoid costly mistakes and corruption.
European Support and Long-Term Investment
Julien Barnes-Dacey from the European Council on Foreign Relations calls for Europe to play a leading role in Syria’s recovery by establishing political and economic partnerships. The UN Development Programme reports a drastic decline in Syria’s GDP and rising poverty, highlighting the need for focused support to rebuild institutions and infrastructure for long-term stability.
